Often neurological examinations are required as well to rule out autoimmune encephalitis, often requiring electroencephalograms, lumbar punctures, and brain imaging.ĭissociative Disorders are classically characterized as a disruption of normal consciousness/memory/identity and behavior. History is often gathered from multiple sources as well. Often longitudinal assessments over long periods and careful history taking are required to complete diagnostic evaluations. Often persons with DID are misdiagnosed with other personality disorders, most commonly borderline personality disorder, as elements of dissociation are prominently seen and even amnesia. The way to diagnose dissociative identity disorder is via detailed history taken by both psychiatric practitioners and experienced psychologists. These four factors must be present for DID to develop. The theory describes predisposing factors for dissociation, which include an ability to dissociate, overwhelming traumatic experiences that distort reality, creation of alters with specific names and identities, and lack of external stability, which leads to the child's self-soothing to tolerate these stressors. ![]() Several prominent psychologists such as Kluft have broken down the theory behind DID-in-sum. However, in the fantasy theory-it has been seen that people with high levels of vulnerability, predisposition of psychological symptoms, media influences, and likely social isolation and vulnerability. Stress experienced by an individual secondary to trauma has been seen to be contributory toward the formation of an accurate understanding of the trauma being unreal, even posttraumatic dissociation such as leaving one's body, etc., and poor sleep. However, newer research tends to describe a combination of both severe traumas (which may be in any form-physical/emotional/sexual)as well as some effects of cognitive suggestion. Dalenberg and his team have detailed the role of trauma in the development of dissociative disorder and dismissed the previous model, which was based on fantasy and often associated with suggestibility, cognitive distortions, and fantasy. ![]() ![]() Dissociative identity disorder is typically associated with severe childhood trauma and abuse.
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